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npx skills add https://github.com/obra/superpowers --skill brainstormingWorks with Paperclip
How D1 Drizzle Schema fits into a Paperclip company.
D1 Drizzle Schema drops into any Paperclip agent that handles this kind of work. Assign it to a specialist inside a pre-configured PaperclipOrg company and the skill becomes available on every heartbeat — no prompt engineering, no tool wiring.
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---name: d1-drizzle-schemadescription: "Generate Drizzle ORM schemas for Cloudflare D1 databases with correct D1-specific patterns. Produces schema files, migration commands, type exports, and DATABASE_SCHEMA.md documentation. Handles D1 quirks: foreign keys always enforced, no native BOOLEAN/DATETIME types, 100 bound parameter limit, JSON stored as TEXT. Use when creating a new database, adding tables, or scaffolding a D1 data layer."compatibility: claude-code-only--- # D1 Drizzle Schema Generate correct Drizzle ORM schemas for Cloudflare D1. D1 is SQLite-based but has important differences that cause subtle bugs if you use standard SQLite patterns. This skill produces schemas that work correctly with D1's constraints. ## Critical D1 Differences | Feature | Standard SQLite | D1 ||---------|-----------------|-----|| Foreign keys | OFF by default | **Always ON** (cannot disable) || Boolean type | No | No — use `integer({ mode: 'boolean' })` || Datetime type | No | No — use `integer({ mode: 'timestamp' })` || Max bound params | ~999 | **100** (affects bulk inserts) || JSON support | Extension | **Always available** (json_extract, ->, ->>) || Concurrency | Multi-writer | **Single-threaded** (one query at a time) | ## Workflow ### Step 1: Describe the Data Model Gather requirements: what tables, what relationships, what needs indexing. If working from an existing description, infer the schema directly. ### Step 2: Generate Drizzle Schema Create schema files using D1-correct column patterns: ```typescriptimport { sqliteTable, text, integer, real, index, uniqueIndex } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core' export const users = sqliteTable('users', { // UUID primary key (preferred for D1) id: text('id').primaryKey().$defaultFn(() => crypto.randomUUID()), // Text fields name: text('name').notNull(), email: text('email').notNull(), // Enum (stored as TEXT, validated at schema level) role: text('role', { enum: ['admin', 'editor', 'viewer'] }).notNull().default('viewer'), // Boolean (D1 has no BOOL — stored as INTEGER 0/1) emailVerified: integer('email_verified', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false), // Timestamp (D1 has no DATETIME — stored as unix seconds) createdAt: integer('created_at', { mode: 'timestamp' }).notNull().$defaultFn(() => new Date()), updatedAt: integer('updated_at', { mode: 'timestamp' }).notNull().$defaultFn(() => new Date()), // Typed JSON (stored as TEXT, Drizzle auto-serialises) preferences: text('preferences', { mode: 'json' }).$type<UserPreferences>(), // Foreign key (always enforced in D1) organisationId: text('organisation_id').references(() => organisations.id, { onDelete: 'cascade' }),}, (table) => ({ emailIdx: uniqueIndex('users_email_idx').on(table.email), orgIdx: index('users_org_idx').on(table.organisationId),}))``` See [references/column-patterns.md](references/column-patterns.md) for the full type reference. ### Step 3: Add Relations Drizzle relations are query builder helpers (separate from FK constraints): ```typescriptimport { relations } from 'drizzle-orm' export const usersRelations = relations(users, ({ one, many }) => ({ organisation: one(organisations, { fields: [users.organisationId], references: [organisations.id], }), posts: many(posts),}))``` ### Step 4: Export Types ```typescriptexport type User = typeof users.$inferSelectexport type NewUser = typeof users.$inferInsert``` ### Step 5: Set Up Drizzle Config Copy [assets/drizzle-config-template.ts](assets/drizzle-config-template.ts) to `drizzle.config.ts` and update the schema path. ### Step 6: Add Migration Scripts Add to `package.json`:```json{ "db:generate": "drizzle-kit generate", "db:migrate:local": "wrangler d1 migrations apply DB --local", "db:migrate:remote": "wrangler d1 migrations apply DB --remote"}``` **Always run on BOTH local AND remote before testing.** ### Step 7: Generate DATABASE_SCHEMA.md Document the schema for future sessions:- Tables with columns, types, and constraints- Relationships and foreign keys- Indexes and their purpose- Migration workflow ## Bulk Insert Pattern D1 limits bound parameters to 100. Calculate batch size: ```typescriptconst BATCH_SIZE = Math.floor(100 / COLUMNS_PER_ROW)for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) { await db.insert(table).values(rows.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE))}``` ## D1 Runtime Usage ```typescriptimport { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/d1'import * as schema from './schema' // In Worker fetch handler:const db = drizzle(env.DB, { schema }) // Query patternsconst all = await db.select().from(schema.users).all() // Array<User>const one = await db.select().from(schema.users).where(eq(schema.users.id, id)).get() // User | undefinedconst count = await db.select({ count: sql`count(*)` }).from(schema.users).get()``` ## Reference Files | When | Read ||------|------|| D1 vs SQLite, JSON queries, limits | [references/d1-specifics.md](references/d1-specifics.md) || Column type patterns for Drizzle + D1 | [references/column-patterns.md](references/column-patterns.md) | ## Assets | File | Purpose ||------|---------|| [assets/drizzle-config-template.ts](assets/drizzle-config-template.ts) | Starter drizzle.config.ts for D1 || [assets/schema-template.ts](assets/schema-template.ts) | Example schema with all common D1 patterns |